Can Supplements Combat COVID-19?

As COVID-19 infections continue to rise, many have turned to supplements to boost immunity.  Though eating a balanced diet high in nutrients (like vitamins) can support a healthy immune system, there are many false claims that exaggerate benefits of supplementation.  Here’s a summary of the evidence for common supplements associated with COVID-19:
 

• VITAMIN D:

There is no conclusive evidence that vitamin D affects COVID-19 risk or severity of infection, though some research trials are underway.  While low levels of the vitamin have been found in COVID-19 patients, deficiencies are common in high-risk groups disproportionately hit by the virus, like the elderly.

If you are interested in taking vitamin D, aim for 400-1000 IU (international unit) daily from a USP-verified supplement.  Do not take more than 4000 IU a day, unless advised by a medical professional.  Taking high doses can result in elevated levels of calcium in the blood, which can cause heart and kidney problems.

• VITAMIN C:

There is no strong evidence that vitamin C can prevent or treat COVID-19.  If you take vitamin C supplements, do not take more than 2000 milligrams daily.  This can result in uncomfortable side effects such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and cramps. 

If you’re interested in vitamin C, add foods such as strawberries, peppers, oranges, and broccoli to your diet. 

• ADAPTOGENS: 

Adaptogens are substances derived from plants believed to improve the body’s resistance to environmental and emotional stressors.  Adaptogens, such as ashwagandha and astragalus, have not been shown to prevent or treat COVID-19. 

Pregnant women should avoid using these adaptogens. Ashwagandha may cause miscarriages and there is concern astragalus could be toxic for both moms and babies.

• ELDERBERRY:

There is no solid evidence to support the claim that elderberry can prevent or treat COVID-19.  

• OLEANDER:

Oleander is poisonous and should not be taken as a dietary supplement.  There is no data to support using oleander as a treatment for COVID-19. 
 
Important things you can do to support your immune system:
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• Eat a balanced diet (need tips? start here)
• Exercise regularly
• Get enough sleep 

Also, don't forget to follow COVID-19 prevention protocols.  Taking a supplement is nowhere near as important as wearing a mask and practicing social distancing.

REFERENCES (subscription necessary to view):
Don't Rely on Natural Products and "Immune Boosters" for COVID-19 Prevention.  Natural Medicines Research Collaboration.  Accessed December 2020.
What to Tell Patients About Vitamin D.  Natural Medicines Research Collaboration.  Accessed December 2020.
Why Ashwagandha & Adaptogens Are Growing in Popularity. Natural Medicines Research Collaboration.  Accessed December 2020. 

By Kylie Sakaida, MS, RD, LDN